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The diagram illustrates the process of producing sugar from sugar cane through a series of seven stages, beginning with the growth of the plant and ending with the drying and cooling of the final product.

Overall, sugar production is a multi-step, linear process that involves both agricultural and industrial stages. It starts with cultivating sugar cane and concludes with refined sugar ready for distribution.

In the first stage, sugar cane plants are grown for about 12 to 18 months before they are harvested. The harvesting can be done either manually, using machetes, or mechanically with harvesters. The collected canes are then crushed in a mill to extract the juice. Next, this juice is purified by passing it through a limestone filter to remove impurities.

After purification, the clear juice is boiled in an evaporator, where it is converted into a thick syrup. This syrup then passes through a centrifuge, which separates the sugar crystals from the liquid. Finally, the raw sugar crystals are dried and cooled, resulting in the finished sugar product ready for packaging and sale.